Methods For Teaching Art
Chapter 15
How does one go about teaching art?
Methodology
•Methodology concerns itself with the most effective means of moving students toward realization of curriculum goals.
•Methodology brings to mind certain principles and techniques of motivation and control that can be studied, observed and reflected on.
Three General Styles of Instruction:
•The directive method, appropriate for transmitting skills, techniques, or processes.
•The Socratic or questioning method, employed with groups or individuals, is used to guide students in finding answers.
•Discovery, the method in which the teacher sets the stage for lessons that are open ended, speculative, and problem-solving.
Who Should Teach Art?
The National Art Education Association states that “art instruction shall be conducted by qualified teachers of art”
Effective teachers in all subjects are expected to demonstrate the following abilities:
•Know the content of the curriculum.
•Be able to create an environment conducive to learning.
•Accurately observe and record aspects of performance to enable the diagnosis of individual and group learning needs.
•Be able to work effectively with colleagues, parents, and others.
•Be able to carry out administrative tasks appropriate to the level of appointment.
•Adopt methodologies consistent with the goals of the curriculum.
Teaching Practices In Art
•Setting the Stage
•The Sources of Art
•Motivation
Setting The Stage
•Methodology begins before the students enter the art room.
•Teachers should avoid commercial giveaways from product manufacturers and instead display reproductions of artworks and natural objects, such as flowers or plants.
The Sources Of Art
•When teachers respect the memories, the imagination, and the life experiences of children, they set the stage not only for studio activities but also for an awareness of history and criticism.
Motivation
•The teacher should avoid striving for the short-term gain of the former, and the concentrate on intrinsic sources, which are far more valuable in the long run to the child’s development.
A Range of Teaching Methods Used in Classroom Practice
•Demonstrations
•Assignments
•Audiovisual presentations
•Lectures
•Individual work
•Group activities
•Student reports
•Games
•Field trips
•Guest speakers
•Dramatizations
•Visual displays
•Discussion
Teaching With Technology
With computers, students of all ages can create visual images, download works from the world of art, access information about these artworks, engage in critical analysis and discussions, and compare and contrast the aesthetics of a wide variety of cultures.
Organizing For Instruction
•Selecting Art Materials and Tools
•Teacher Talk
Third Grade: Clay Animal
STUDENT: It doesn’t look like a dog; it’s all lumpy.
TEACHER: I think you are going to have to decide what kind of a dog-
STUDENT: A German shepherd. I like German shepherds. My uncle has one.
TEACHER: What makes a German shephered different from, say, a beagle?
STUDENT: The ears stick up.
TEACHER: Okay, Then let’s begin there. Pull its ears up, and I think you can smooth out some of those lumps.
Questionable Methods for Teaching Art
•Mechanistic Production: Present busy work not art.
•Tidy Art: Classroom is neat in appearance, and a model of order.
•Formula Art: Using geometric shapes to draw house and human figures.
Analyzing the Teacher: Five Phases of Instruction
•Preparation for Instruction and Classroom Management
•Presentation of Lesson
•The Class in Action
•Evaluation Period (for Final Group Evaluation)
•Teaching Style (Personality)